In this graduate thesis we will discuss the rights of mandatory health insurance and the rights and obligations for maternity and parental leave and support, which is the theme of the graduate thesis. The subject of the paper is to clarify how the rights of mandatory health insurance work, and what are the ways and possibilities of acquiring it. The rights are described in more details in order to give a better insight into the functioning and the way of exercising rights. The deadlines are set within which the insured person may invoke a right and all necessary documentation. It has listed the primary health care and which all activities are provided and where is provided. Its definded specialist - counseling and hospital health care has been explained their essential difference is clarified. It also speaks about medicines in the basic and supplemental list and their way of realization as well as about orthopedic and other aids. The dental aids and devices are more clearly defined and their way of exercising where it is emphasized that a person up to the age of 18 is entitled to free dental aids and devices. Of course, if there is a need for the same. Salary remuneration is also shown due to temporary incapacity to work, which is crucial for the insured to know the amount of money he will earn when using these rights. The article deals with the rights and obligations of maternity and parental leave and support. Whoever realizes the right to leave and support is more clearly defined. The person exercising the right must first satisfy the conditions such as mandatory health insurance, citizenship, registration in Employment Institute etc. Whenever they meet all the required requirements, they realizes the right to cash once and for a year or three depending on the number of children. The subject is also the basis for calculating the salary remuneration that is essential for insurers to know how much money they will be disposed of during their temporary inability to work. The essay is described in detail but it is important to emphasize that it always goes to the benefit of the insured. The conclusion that has come about is that it always goes to the benefit of the insured and, as far as possible, is a better way of solving the problem faced by the insured. Also, if a right is to be exercised and a insured has the right to the same regulation, it must respect the deadlines. The deadlines are to be respected and all the regulations and laws are described in detail.