Obesity is one of the most obvious and at the same time the most neglected public health problems today. Globalization, urbanization, unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity and daily stress contribute significantly to the increase in obesity. Obesity is a complex condition that affects psychological and social dimensions and includes environmental, cultural, social and genetic factors. As a global epidemic affecting different socioeconomic and age groups, obesity is becoming a growing problem in modern society. Of particular concern is the increase in childhood obesity, because obese children have a significantly higher risk of obesity in adulthood, which results in serious health complications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These problems lead to a reduced quality of life and a shorter lifespan. Causes of childhood obesity include unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, parental influence, stress, media influence and economic status. Childhood is an important period in persons life that shapes future physical and emotional development, therefore childhood obesity can have long-term consequences for health and quality of life. Prevention of obesity is necessary because of its influence on the development of chronic diseases that occur more and more often at a younger age. Given the complexity of the problem, obesity prevention requires a multifaceted approach that includes timely and diverse strategies to reduce risk and improve the quality of life of affected individuals. If we look at the prevention of obesity in children, social work has an important role in this through identifying risk factors within the family and social environment and providing psychosocial support to children and parents, while cooperating with other experts in the creation and implementation of preventive programs.