The right of ownership is one of the fundamental values of the legal system of the Republic of Croatia, as guaranteed by the highest legal act, the Constitution. The right of ownership is of great interest to the legal system of each state. The theme of this paper is the protection of property rights. The protection of property rights in the Republic of Croatia is based on a legal framework that is aligned with european standards. The Republic of Croatia has ratified the European Convention for the Protection of Human rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which protects the right of property. The law on ownership and other real rights is a fundamental law that regulates the right of ownership, its restrictions, the protection of property rights and the like. This paper presents the right of ownership in Roman law, the types of ownership that existed at time: Quirite property, petor ownership, provincial ownership and peregrian property. The limitations of property rights in Roman law are briefly listed as an introduction to the protection of property rights, which is further mentioned in the paper. The following is the protection of property rights in Roman law and proprietary lawsuits for the protection of property rights: rei vindicatio, actio negatoria and actio publicana. Finally, the protection of property rights in the Republic of Croatia is explained, as well as lawsuits that can be protected before different courts: administrative, constitutional court and other public authorities. The protection of property by European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is also briefly explained. It was necessary to analyze the protection of property rights and ownership lawsuits that are the core of this paper. Ownership lawsuits are: rights of ownership lawsuit, ownership lawsuit of the assumed owner for the return of the property and lawsuits for the cessation of harassment, lawsuit of the assumed owner for the cessation of harassment and deletion lawsuit as a lawsuit for protection against invalid registration in the land register.