The subject of this paper is the study of protection of women in armed conflict, primarily observing the protection of civilian population in conflict affected areas. The law of armed conflict encompasses a number of international rules with the intent of reducing the adverse effects on all parties involved. The main source of international humanitarian law are the Geneva Conventions adopted in 1949. This paper studies above all the regulations of IV. Geneva Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war, and their application in a given situation. The regulations of these Conventions provide a framework and standards of treatment that are applied to the needs and circumstances of each case, with the important role for international and humanitarian organizations such as the United Nations and the International Comittee of the Red Cross. In addition to the protection of basic human rights, such as the right to food and water, access to health services and the right to shelter, there is also the protection against sexual violence, primarily rape, which has been placed in the category of war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Statutes of the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). Given that this type of categorization is of a newer character, the success rate of prevention and punishing is still relatively low, but the protection of women's rights and the prevention of sexual violence in armed conflict is one of the most important topics of the international community.