This master's thesis is based on comprehensive research of trademark law, aiming to provide insight into the historical development, legal framework, diversity of types, and contemporary role of trademarks in intellectual property protection. Through an analysis of the historical origins of trademarks, the legal regulations shaping them, and their diverse typologies, the thesis will illuminate key aspects of trademark registration, protection, and use. It highlights key elements of trademark definition and characteristics, as well as the perception of intellectual property as a subject of real rights, the registration process, protection against unauthorized use, and legal mechanisms for resolution. Special emphasis is placed on understanding the distinctiveness and the issue of defining a trademark itself, as well as its protection. By analyzing relevant case law, the thesis provides insight into the application of trademark law in practice and underscores the importance of proper trademark protection for business success and market competitiveness. In conclusion, it emphasizes the necessity of correctly applying trademark laws to ensure fair market competition and protect the interests of trademark owners.