The subject of this diploma paper is the protection of employees' privacy which is closely related to the protection of personal data and the protection of employees' dignity. Also, it aims to present the resources and capabilities for the protection of privacy and personal data in the employment relationship as one of the fundamental human rights and the procedure in connection with both. The right to privacy should represent an instrument to establish a balance in citizen-state relations. The right to privacy should include those spheres of the employee's private life that are not directly related to his work. The interests of the employer to limit the personality of employees need to be justified and it would be, in principle, those which are directly related to employment, proportional and based on a reasonable expectation of privacy. Personal information about employees may be collected, processed, used and sent to third parties only if it is regulated by the Labor Act or other law or if it is necessary to achieve the rights and obligations that derive from employment or in relation to employment and which employees have the right to examine if it is of their concern. The European Court of Human Rights established a large number of decisions that clearly set the limits when it comes to invasion of privacy of a person, for example Kopke against Germany, Barbulescu against Romania, Halford against UK, Copland against United Kingdom and others.