Today, the abuse and neglect of children is increasingly discussed and investigated, and the importance of a timely reaction is recognized. Child abuse can be divided into physical, emotional and sexual. The legal protection of children rests on the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is the most important international document that comprehensively describes the rights of children as well as the freedoms they acquire at birth. Physical abuse in a broader sense includes inflicting physical injuries on a child in a relationship of trust and power, and sexual abuse includes involving the child in sexual acts, exposing the child to pornographic content, inappropriately observing the child as well as touching and also making suggestive sexual comments. When we talk about child abuse, we usually think of physical and sexual abuse, and emotional abuse is often not among the first associations with child abuse, even though its consequences can be fatal and long-lasting. Each form of child abuse can leave consequences in various aspects of a child's life. In addition to the basic division, there are also special forms of child abuse such as violence among peers, fetal exposure to alcohol, exposure of children to violence in the family, and the like. It is often difficult to determine the border between neglect and some failure in the upbringing and care of the child, as well as the border between neglect and some form of abuse. Neglect can be divided into physical, emotional, educational and medical, and each of them, like abuse, can leave various short-term or long-term consequences. The aim of this paper is to get to know the forms of abuse and neglect of children, as well as their consequences and family law protection of children.