An integral part of human rights includes children's rights as a special subset due to their specific position, primarily on account of their immaturity, vulnerability and dependence on primary caregivers. The traditional approach, i.e. the implementation and protection of the rights of the child within the family, signifacantly changes in 1989 with the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, by which the child was first recognized as the rights holder. Namely, the child became its subject in the light of a newly established principle – the best interest of the child. This paper indicates the development of children's rights evident in international documents. It explains the definition of the child, the basic principles and fundamental rights of the child, while looking into the way and intention of understanding children's rights in everyday life trough short case law from European courts. The idea of the existence of children's rights has been aligned with all national legislations in modern Western democracies in order for their protection to be as comprehensive as possible and to positively influence the development of the postmodern society. Finally, preserving existing rights, establishing new ones and attempting to develop children's rights in third world countries, while respecting their cultural and social differences, may pose a challenge in the future.