The paper analyzes the impact of road traffic on air pollution. During the preparation of the paper, various methods of preparation were used, such as historical, comparative, inductive, descriptive, compilation, etc. Literature was used, which includes books, scientific and professional articles, legal acts and relevant Internet sources. Road traffic has been found to be the type of traffic that contributes most to air pollution. Looking at sectors, transport in general is also the largest source of air pollution. Polluted air has negative consequences for the climate, ecosystem and human health. On the other hand, transport is an important economic driver and has great social importance. Therefore, a balance needs to be struck between the benefits that road transport provides to the economy and society as a whole and the adverse effects that occur with the growth and development of transport. Due to the negative impact of road traffic, measures are needed to reduce harmful exhaust emissions. There are a large number of regulations at national, European and international level. Since Croatia is a member of the European Union, Croatian legislation is harmonized with European legislation. In order to be able to monitor progress, it is first and foremost important to monitor the situation in terms of pollution caused by road traffic. Based on statistics, it is possible to assess the impact of existing measures and make improvements. Although some improvements have been made, some harmful road exhaust emissions have not been reduced despite all measures. Therefore, there is a constant need to revise regulations that seek to reduce the harmful impact of road traffic on the air.