Transport policy of Republic of Croatia's aims at achieving an efficient and sustainable transport system in its area. Passenger transport and rail traffic in general, represent the framework of sustainable traffic development of the country. The importance of the railway sector is also reflected in its extremely dynamic development especially in the period from the 1990th till today. Despite almost imperceptible environment pollution, long-term profitability and far greater security than the road traffic, rail traffic cannot yet achieve so much competition on the market as anticipated. In order to achieve the maximum degree of safety and interoperability of railway traffic per person and goods, as features that must be unquestionably accomplished, national regulations are adopted laying down the guidelines and conditions that certain part of the rail system must achieve. The theme of this final paper is devoted precisely to legal regulation of the safety of railway traffic. As a member state of European Union, in addition to the transport policy of the Republic of Croatia, transport policy of European Union also applies so all the regulations have to be aligned with the EU regulations and directives in order to achieve a unique European railway area. The main part of the final paper deals with elements of railway traffic safety; railway infrastructure, in particular level-crossings and signalling devices, railway vehicles, railway accidents and inevitably, the impact of human influence on the safe conduct of rail traffic.