| Abstract | Kazna zatvora je sredinom 18. stoljeća postala glavna kazna u Europi. Dotad su dominantne sankcije bile fizičke kazne i smrtna kazna, te imovinske kazne, deportacija i izgon iz zemlje. U Republici Hrvatskoj kaznu zatvora uređuju Ustav RH, Zakon o izvršavanju kazne zatvora i brojni drugi zakonski i podzakonski akti. Od međunarodnih izvora u okviru Ujedinjenih naroda značajni su Opća deklaracija UN-a o pravima čovjeka, Međunarodni pakt o građanskim i političkim pravima, kao i Konvencija Ujedinjenih naroda protiv mučenja s Fakultativnim protokolom. Kao instrumenti zaštite prava zatvorenika u okviru Vijeće Europe značajni su Europska konvencija o sprječavanju mučenja i neljudskog ili ponižavajućeg postupanja ili kažnjavanja, te Europska zatvorska pravila. Temeljno načelo izvršavanja kazne zatvora je načelo zakonitosti, dok se ostalima zabranjuje diskriminacija, određuje obaveza razvrstavanja zatvorenika kao i skupno izvršavanje kazne,te naglašava važnost osmišljavanja individualnog programa za svakog pojedinog zatvorenika. Također, nakon otpuštanja zatvorenika iz penitencijarne ustanove, potrebno je osigurati pripremu za život na slobodi. Uprava za zatvorski sustav je jedinstvena upravna organizacija unutar Ministarstva pravosuđa kojoj su povjereni najbrojniji poslovi i radnje izvršavanja kazne zatvora. Navedeni poslovi su od posebnog državnog interesa, pa je zakonska obveza Uprave za zatvorski sustav da izvješćuje Vladu RH i javnost o stanju i radu. Institut suca izvršenja uveden je u hrvatski pravni sustav 2002.godine, kako bi se pojačala zaštita ljudskih prava i dostojanstva zatvorenika. Sudac izvršenja nadzire zakonitost u postupku izvršavanja kazne zatvora, osigurava ravnopravnost i jednakost zatvorenika pred zakonom, i štiti prava zatvorenika. Samim zatvaranjem zatvorenici se dovode u težu situaciju nego ostala populacija, te njihovim pravima treba posvetiti posebnu pažnju. Jedna od zadaća suca izvršenja je i da najmanje jednom godišnje obilazi zatvorenike i upućuje ih u mogućnosti ostvarivanja njihovih prava. Prava kojima se posvećuje najviše pozornosti odnose se na kvalitetu smještaja, prehrane, na zdravstvenu zaštitu i dodire s vanjskim svijetom, te pravo na obrazovanje i rad. O upućivanju na izdržavanje kazne zatvora odlučuje sudac izvršenja. Osuđenik kojemu je izrečena kazna dulja od 6. mjeseci upućuje se u Centar za dijagnostiku u Zagrebu, nakon čega upravitelj penitencijarne ustanove donosi pojedinačni program izvršenja kazne zatvora. Tijek izvršenja kazne zatvora nadziru upravna tijela, sudovi, pučki pravobranitelj, te međunarodni mehanizmi nadzora; Europski odbor za sprječavanje mučenja i Europski sud za ljudska prava. |
| Abstract (english) | Prison sentence in the middle of the 18th century became the main punishment in Europe. Until then, the dominant sanctions were physical punishment and death penalty, property fines, deportation, and exile from the country. In Croatia, the prison sentence is governed by the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, the Law on Execution of Prison Sentences and numerous other laws and bylaws. The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as well as the United Nations Convention against Torture with the Optional Protocol, are of major international importance within the United Nations. The European Convention on the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, as well as the European Prison Rules, are important instruments for the protection of prisoners' rights within the Council of Europe. The basic principle of executing prison sentences is the principle of lawfulness, while others prohibit discrimination, determines the obligation of classifying prisoners as well as joint execution of sentences, and emphasizes the importance of designing an individual program for each individual prisoner. Also, after the release of prisoners from the penitentiary institution, it is necessary to provide for the preparation for life in freedom. The Prison Administration Board is a single administrative organization within the Ministry of Justice, which has been entrusted with the most numerous activities and actions of imprisonment. The above mentioned activities are of particular national interest, and the legal obligation of the Prison Administration Board to report to the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the public about the situation and work. The Institute of Judge of Execution was introduced in the Croatian legal system in 2002 in order to strengthen the protection of human rights and dignity of prisoners. The execution judge oversees the lawfulness of the prison sentence, ensures the equality and equality of prisoners before the law, and protects prisoners' rights. By imprisoning, prisoners are in a more difficult situation than other population, and their rights should be given special attention. One of the tasks of a judge of execution is to visit the prisoners at least once a year, and point them to the ability to exercise their rights. The most attentive rights concern the quality of accommodation, nutrition, health care and contact with the outside world, and the right to education and work. The execution judge shall decide on the execution of the sentence of imprisonment. The convicted person who has been sentenced for more than 6 months is referred to the Diagnostic Center in Zagreb, after which the penitentiary institution administrator issues an individual execution program for imprisonment. The execution of the prison sentence is supervised by the administrative bodies, courts, the Ombudsman, and the international monitoring mechanisms; The European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and the European Court of Human Rights. |
