The asylum policy of the European Union (EU) is a complex system of rules and procedures that apply to asylum applications in EU member states. The main objective of this policy is to provide protection to people who are eligible for asylum, especially those fleeing persecution, war or severe human rights. The arrival of refugees and illegal migrants to the European Union in large numbers in 2015 exposed numerous shortcomings in the policy of external borders, asylum and migration of the European Union and encouraged the European Union to act productively using various legal and political instruments. Although today the European Union is relatively successful in securing its external borders, suppressing the arrival of illegal migrants and increasing cooperation with third countries, the member states of the European Union are still reluctant to show solidarity and do more to share the responsibility for asylum seekers. Turmoil in Africa and the Middle East, and more recently the war in Ukraine, encourage more and more people to flee violence and seek safe haven in the European Union. The member states of the European Union still show an insufficiently coordinated policy regarding refugees and migrants. Such circumstances led to the proposal of new measures. Therefore, as a response to the mentioned problem, the European Commission proposes a New Pact on Migration and Asylum, which is expected to solve the problem more efficiently and fairly, and the distribution of responsibilities between member states is the main prerequisite for future successful prospects for the care of asylum seekers in the European Union. Managing asylum challenges remains a key challenge for the EU, including issues such as terrorism, migration pressure, refugee integration and building a common European identity in relation to asylum policy. The EU continues to work on improving and adapting its asylum policy to better deal with these challenges and ensure fair and effective protection for asylum seekers in Europe.