| Abstract | Najstarija vrsta prometa je kopneni promet. Željeznički promet dio je kopnenog prometa čiji se prvobitni tragovi pojavljuju u dalekoj prošlosti. Željeznički promet nastaje zbog potrebe prijevoza ljudi i roba koji se u samim začecima odvija po utorima uklesanim u kamen. S razvojem svijeta ova grana prometa prolazi procese konstantnog usavršavanja i brojnih transformacija, od upotrebe drvenih, metalnih i kovanih tračnica pa sve do pojave sredstva vuče i širenja željezničke mreže kojim počinje nova era u svijetu željeznice. Značajan porast prometa doprinosi štetnom utjecaju na okoliš. Kako bi se zaštitio okoliš od negativnih uzročnika od kojih je jedan od njih upravo promet pojavila se svijest o zaštiti okoliša. Danas Europska unija ulaže velike napore kako bi postigli ciljeve smanjenja emisije stakleničkih plinova, prilagodbe klimatskim promjenama, nulte stope onečišćenja zraka, vode, tla i zdravlja, zaštite i obnove bioraznolikosti i smanjenja ekoloških i klimatskih pritisaka povezanih s proizvodnjom i potrošnjom. Pravni okvir zaštite okoliša uređen je pravnim izvorima iz područja zaštite okoliša. Promet svojim djelovanjem utječe na okoliš, a posebice na zrak, tlo i podzemne vode, prostor, buku i vibracije, potrošnju energije i prirodnu ravnotežu biljnog i životinjskog svijeta. Željeznički promet kao ekološki najprihvatljiviji promet provodi politiku brige o zaštiti okoliša. |
| Abstract (english) | The oldest type of transportation is land transport. Railway traffic is a part of land transport, whose first traces can be found in the ancient past. Railway traffic emerges because of the need for human and goods transport, which was first conducted on slots carved into stone.As the world develops, this traffic type constantly improves and transforms, from the usage of wooden, metal, and forged rails to the appearance of towing means and the railway network expansion, which marks the beginning of the new era in the railway world. A significant increase in transportation contributes to the negative impact on the environment. Because of the need to protect the environment fromnegative impacts, including traffic,awareness of environmental protection arises. Today, the European Union is making a big effort to achieve goals such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, adaptation to climate change, zero pollution rates for air, water, soil and health, the protection and renewal of biodiversity, and the reduction of ecological and climatic strains connected to production and consumption. The legal framework for environmental protection is regulated by the legal sources for environmental protection. Traffic affects the environment, especially air, soil and underground waters, space, noise and vibrations, energy consumption, and the natural balance of the plant and animal worlds. The railway traffic, as the most environmentally acceptable form of transportation, carries out a policy connected to environmental protection. |
