The aim of this thesis is to analyze and review prisoners' rights in Croatia and also to examine whether those rights are being respected, developed in any way and/or implemented in reality. The thesis also briefly examines the development of the prisoners' rights law in newer Croatian history and also puts focus on the doctrines that have influenced the current state of prisoners' rights in the Republic of Croatia. Two most important doctrines being the positivist school and the „movement of the new social defense“, respectively. Development of prisoners' rights law is here presented not only through homeland legislature, but also through development and implementation of those rights via international organisations and their laws. Focus has been put on judicialization of prison sentences through the works of judges and their jurisdiction and authority. In order to illustrate the real problems of how the Croatian penal system deals with prisoners' rights, a few selected judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia and the European Court for Human Rights have been included in this thesis. With including these vedicts, the aim was to present and examine the logic of the aforementioned courts in the evaluation of respecting prisoners' rights in real conditions.