Abuse, neglect, and exploitation of children is a widespread issues, and the alarming statistics on cases of children being victims of violence indicate the necessity of developing effective strategies in order to reduce the prevalence of abused children. Prevention is considered the first and most important step, and depending on the needs of certain groups, it is carried through at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. The very effectiveness of prevention largely depends on careful risk assessment and detection and strengthening of protective factors. Social workers play an important role in the protection of children, and with timely intervention, the consequences of abuse on the child can be mitigated and support the development of the child's full potential. The complex work of social workers is particularly reflected in the area of alternative care and decision-making for the benefit of children, but with a multidisciplinary approach and comprehensive assessment, attention is directed to each segment of the child's development, which contributes to his or her well-being. The rights of children and protective and penal measures are prescribed in many foreign and domestic documents, and experts, citizens, and other relevant bodies are obliged to act in accordance with them and provide children with a safe childhood and unhindered growth and development. The aim of the review graduate thesis is to point out the problem of abuse, neglect, and exploitation of children, the physical and psychological consequences this leaves on the child, and to draw attention to the importance of educating the general population, especially experts who are in daily contact with children, on recognizing violence in time and taking the necessary measures.