| Abstract | Važan dio izgradnje zdravih i zaštitničkih odnosa, obitelji i društava, u islamskom svjetonazoru, je brak. Islamski brak se definira kao ugovor o zajedničkom životu žene i muškarca, zaključen u posebnoj formi na neodređeno vrijeme s vrlo jasnim ciljevima. U muslimanskim zajednicama diljem svijeta brak preuzima mnoge lokalne običaje i kulturne oblike. Temeljni problem islamskog odnosa prema ženama je nerazlikovanje izvornih islamskih načela i praksi od etničkih ili plemenskih, tj. ne razlikuje se između kulturnih i religijskih čimbenika. Islam dopušta ovu kulturnu raznolikost sve dok ti običaji ne uzrokuju štetu, konkretno, sve dok nisu u suprotnosti s načelima islamskog zakona koji nastoje zaštititi ljudska bića. Veliku pozornost privlači položaj žena, jer im je kroz povijest uskraćen velik broj njihovih prava. Još jedno pitanje koje privlači posebnu pozornost je pitanje poligamije, koje je od posebnog značaja za raspravu o islamskom braku, no koji se u islamskoj praksi kao oblik bračne zajednice rijetko javlja. Velika pažnja se poklanja poštovanju i lijepom ponašanja u islamskom brak, jer ono dovodi do međusobne sreće i povezivanja bračnih drugova. Kada pričamo o islamskom braku svakako možemo naglasiti kako je mehr važan institut, u kojoj muž mora isplatiti dogovoreni miraz svojoj ženi. Taj miraz može varirati od simboličnog iznosa do značajne količine bogatstva. To je zakonski ženina imovina i ona je može trošiti, štedjeti ili ulagati na koji god ona način želi. Pitanja koja se tiču brige oko djece, moraju se rješavati na zajednički način, te oba roditelja moraju voditi brigu oko njih. Ženska djeca su smatrana teretom za članove obitelji, prije samog dolaska islama na Arapski poluotok, no i u današnjem islamu se situacija nije puno promijenila. Žene imaju pravo na uzdržavanje od strane muža, koji je dužan potomcima i ženi priuštiti sve što im je potrebno u njihovom svakodnevnom životu. Česta pojava u većini šerijatskih obitelji je, nažalost, nasilje nad ženama, a razvod braka u islamu je dopušten, no tek nakon što su uloženi svi napori za pomirenje. |
| Abstract (english) | An important part of building healthy and protective relationships, families and societies, in the Islamic worldview, is marriage. Islamic marriage is defined as a contract on the joint life of a woman and a man, concluded in a special form for an indefinite period with very clear goals. In Muslim communities around the world, marriage takes on many local customs and cultural forms. The fundamental problem of the Islamic attitude towards women is the failure to distinguish the original Islamic principles and practices from ethnic or tribal ones, i.e. it does not differentiate between cultural and religious factors. Islam allows this cultural diversity as long as these practices do not cause harm, specifically, as long as they do not conflict with the principles of Islamic law that seek to protect human beings. The position of women attracts a lot of attention, because throughout history they have been denied a large number of their rights. Another issue that attracts special attention is the issue of polygamy, which is of particular importance for the discussion of Islamic marriage, but which rarely occurs in Islamic practice as a form of marriage. Great attention is paid to respect and good behavior in an Islamic marriage, because it leads to mutual happiness and bonding of spouses. When we talk about Islamic marriage, we can certainly emphasize that the mehr is an important institution, in which the husband must pay the agreed dowry to his wife. This dowry can vary from a token amount to a significant amount of wealth. It is legally the woman's property and she can spend, save or invest it in any way she wants. Issues concerning the care of children must be resolved jointly, and both parents must take care of them. Female children were considered a burden for family members, before the arrival of Islam on the Arabian Peninsula, but even in today's Islam, the situation has not changed much. Women have the right to maintenance from the husband, who is obliged to provide the offspring and the wife with everything they need in their daily life. Violence against women is a frequent phenomenon in most Sharia families, unfortunately, and divorce is allowed in Islam, but only after all efforts for reconciliation have been made. |
