| Abstract | Trgovina ljudima predstavlja teško kršenje ljudskih prava na međunarodnoj i nacionalnim razinama. Na jednoj strani neuspješna gospodarstva, nezaposlenost, siromaštvo, nizak životni standard, neadekvatno obrazovanje, neprekidna težnja čovjeka za boljim načinom života, a na drugoj strani bešćutnost, pohlepa i prilika za lakom i velikom zaradom i drugim koristima doveli su do globalnog širenja trgovine ljudima. Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu su povijesni pojavni oblici trgovine ljudima i s njom povezanog ropstva i ropstvu sličnih odnosa, uzroci koji potiču i olakšavaju globalnu trgovinu ljudima, razlozi iskorištavanja žrtava, posljedice trgovanja ljudima, međunarodni, regionalni i nacionalni pravni okviri koji zabranjuju i kažnjavaju trgovinu ljudima i štite ljudska prava žrtava trgovine, mjere prevencije i suzbijanja trgovine ljudima i kažnjavanja trgovaca ljudima, europska i nacionalna sudska praksa i oblici pomoći i zaštite žrtava trgovanja ljudima. Kroz istraživanje je potvrđeno da u podlozi trgovine ženama, djecom i nezaposlenim muškarcima postoji neki ili nekoliko oblika siromaštva – ekonomsko, socijalno, ekološko, zdravstveno, ljudskopravaško, kulturalno ili neko drugo. Zbog toga se rasprostranjenost vrbovanja ljudi i visoki stupanj privole osoba u polazišnim zemljama žrtava trgovine ljudima može smatrati posrednim indikatorom raširenosti siromaštva, nejednakosti, nesigurnosti i diskriminacije kao i prediktorom rasta broja žrtava trgovine ljudima u takvim društvima. Istraživanje je također dokazalo da je u borbi protiv nezakonite trgovine ljudima najefikasnija uravnotežena kombinacija informativnih i edukativnih kampanja, inicijativa i programa nevladinih i vjerskih organizacija, socijalnih i gospodarskih inicijativa pružanja pomoći najsiromašnijima, jačanja bilateralne i multilateralne surad¬nje između različitih zemalja, snažnijeg procesuiranja i kažnjavanja trgovaca ljudima te dosljednog i beskompromisnog promicanja svijesti o jednakosti svih ljudskih bića u dostojanstvu, slobodi i pravima. |
| Abstract (english) | Human trafficking is a severe human rights violation at both the national and the international levels. Factors such as economic failures, unemployment, poverty, low standard of living, inadequate education, the human aspiration towards a better life, as well as callousness, greed, and opportunity for an easy and large amount of money earned have led to a global rise of human trafficking. This paper’s subject of research are the historical manifestations of human trafficking and related slavery and slavery-like relationships, causes that encourage and facilitate global human trafficking, reasons for the exploitation of the victims, consequences of human trafficking, international, regional, and national legal frameworks that prohibit and punish human trafficking and protect the human rights of trafficking victims, measures to prevent and suppress human trafficking and punish the traffickers, European and national judicial practice and forms of assistance and protection of victims of human trafficking. The research has confirmed that the basis of trafficking in women, children and unemployed men is one or several forms of poverty - economic, social, ecological, health, human rights, cultural or other forms. For this reason, the prevalence of human recruitment and the elevated level of consent of people in the countries of origin of victims of human trafficking can be considered an indirect indicator of the prevalence of poverty, inequality, social insecurity, and discrimination, as well as a predictor of the growth of the number of victims of human trafficking in such societies. The research also proved that the most effective in the fight against illegal human trafficking is a balanced combination of informational and educational campaigns, initiatives and programs of non-governmental and religious organizations, social and economic initiatives to assist the poorest, strengthening bilateral and multilateral cooperation between different countries, more substantial processing and punishing of human traffickers and consistently and uncompromisingly promoting awareness of the equality of all human beings in dignity, freedom and rights. |
