| Abstract | Imigrantska kriza traje već dugi niz godina, a kraj joj se ne nazire. Europska unija pokušava Područjem slobode, sigurnosti i pravde učinkovitije i demokratičnije postupati. Područjem slobode, sigurnosti i pravde ona pokušava uspješno upravljati vanjskim granicama, politikom azila, imigracijskom politikom, a u cilju joj je i pravosudna suradnja u građanskim stvarima, pravosudna suradnja u kaznenim stvarima kao i policijska suradnja i zaštita osobnih podataka. Ugovorom o funkcioniranju Europske unije kao i Ugovorom iz Lisabona, pokušavaju se riješiti problemi imigracija i suradnje država članica kod kontrole i prihvaćanja ili odbijanja tražitelja azila. Kontrola i komunikacija što se tiče prihvaćanja azilanata, još uvijek ne funkcionira na željenoj razini, a pregovori su uvijek aktivni. Postupak apliciranja za azil ovisi o državi u koju se isti aplicira, no ako bude prihvaćen uživa istu određenu zaštitu. Zajednički europski sustav azila obuhvaća jedinstveni status azila za državljane trećih zemalja, jedinstven status supsidijarne zaštite za državljane, zajednički sustav privremene zaštite za raseljene osobe u slučaju masovnog priljeva, zajedničke postupke priznavanja i oduzimanja jedinstvenog statusa azila ili supsidijarne zaštite, standarde uvjeta za prihvat itd. Djeca bez pratnje također imaju pravo na azil, zatražiti pomoć te imaju potpunu zaštitu institucija. Djeca imigranata, pogotovo ona bez pratnje su izrazito osjetljiva skupina pa s njima treba postupiti s izrazitom pažnjom i gledati njihovu korist. U slučaju masovnog priljeva imigranata u jednu ili više država Europske unije, Vijeće će na prijedlog Komisije usvojiti privremene mjere u korist te države ili više njih. U Republici Hrvatskoj pravo na azil je zajamčeno Ustavom Republike Hrvatske. Pravo na azil se može priznati strancu koji se nalazi izvan svoje zemlje porijekla ako ga je strah od progona zbog rasne, vjerske ili nacionalne pripadnosti ili zato što je član neke društvene skupine, dio je političke ideje zbog kojega ga je strah tražiti zaštitu u zemlji u kojoj se trenutno nalazi. Za zaštitu prava na azil je nadležan Ustavni sud Republike Hrvatske pa ako netko smatra da je njegovo pravo povrijeđeno može podnijeti Ustavnu tužbu. |
| Abstract (english) | The immigration crisis has been going on for many years, and its end is not in sight. The European Union is trying to act more effectively and democratically in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. In the area of freedom, security and justice, it tries to successfully manage external borders, asylum policy, immigration policy, and its goal is judicial cooperation in civil matters, judicial cooperation in criminal matters as well as police cooperation and personal data protection. The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, as well as the Treaty of Lisbon, seek to address the problems of immigration and cooperation between Member States in the control and acceptance or rejection of asylum seekers. Control and communication regarding the acceptance of asylum seekers is still not functioning at the desired level, and negotiations are always active. The procedure for applying for asylum depends on the country to which person is applying, but if they are accepted, they enjoy the same specific protection. The Common European Asylum System includes a single asylum status for third-country nationals, a single subsidiary protection status for citizens, a common temporary protection system for displaced persons in the event of a mass influx, common procedures for recognizing and withdrawing a single asylum or subsidiary protection status, reception conditions, etc. Unaccompanied children also have the right to asylum, to seek assistance and to have full protection of institutions. Immigrant children, especially unaccompanied children, are a very vulnerable group and should be treated with extreme care and benefit. In the event of a mass influx of immigrants to one or more European Union countries, the Council will, on a proposal from the Commission, adopt temporary measures in favor of that country or more. In the Republic of Croatia, the right to asylum is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia. The right to asylum can be granted to a foreigner who is outside his / her country of origin if he / she is afraid of persecution due to racial, religious or national affiliation or because he / she is a member of a social group, part of a political idea which is currently located. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia is competent for the protection of the right to asylum, so if someone considers that his right has been violated, he can file a constitutional lawsuit. |
