Human Rights are an outcome of contemporary philosophical thinking, which are based on ideas of philosophies of rationalism, the Enlightenment, liberalism, and democracy. The values that constitute and protest human rights are dignity, freedom, equality, non-discrimination, respect, justice, responsibility, tolerance, cooperation and acceptance. The process of human rights is complex, time-consuming and particularly sensitive, and it has only been since the first half of 20th century that it can be spoken about institutionalization of the idea of human rights, because only then, within the United Nations organization, the fundamental and inalienable rights are determined and established which belongs to every human being equally. Their protection which will be analyzed in this paper presupposes changing access to the individual, society, state, and government from the root, trough the Constitution and laws, international documents, institutions, and procedures, which guarantee protection against discrimination, arbitrariness, corruption, inefficiency, intolerance, and inequalities. The biggest problem of today is certainly the protection of citizen's social rights and our complicated administration because many people live in unimaginable and difficult social conditions. The Ombudsman Institute therefore exists, to make concrete proposals to competent authorities, especially Government to improve citizen's rights in this regard. The greatest protection of human rights at the national level is certainly provided by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia, which ensures the rule of law, guarantees respect for and application of the Constitution, and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms through a constitutional complaint. The supranational instance of protection is the European Court of Human Rights, which hears complaints related to violations of rights guaranteed by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.