| Abstract | Tematika ovog diplomskog rada prvenstveno se odnosi na pojam i sklapanje ugovora, njihovu razliku te posebnosti u odnosu na pojedine vrste ugovore, način njihovog sklapanja te njihovu važnost koja im se pridodaje u svakodnevnom pravnom poretku. Rad je razdijeljen na više cjelina, od kojih je svaka međusobno i sistematski povezana, a sve u cilju lakšeg razumijevanja te jednostavnijeg shvaćanja specifičnosti ugovora kako u građanskom tako i u ostalim granama prava. Prije svega, u uvodu ovog rada skrenuta je pozornost na povijest i razvitak ugovora u rimskom pravu, njihovoj važnosti koju su tada imali te specifičnim vidovima njihovog poimanja koji se u pojedinim dijelovima uvelike razlikuje u odnosu na današnje poimanje ugovora i njegovo sklapanje. U nastavku rada istaknuti su osnovni pojmovi kao što su – pojma i sklapanje ugovora, a koji ujedno čine i osnovnu tematiku ovog rada, zatim njihov značaj, osnovne karakteristike pri sklapanju ugovora te njihova učestalost u praksi. Kroz daljnje cjeline ovog rada razrađena je materija koja se odnosi na različite vrste ugovora, pravila koja se uzimaju u obzir prilikom njihove primjene te odnos pojedinih zakona prilikom regulacije pojedinih ugovora kao što su Zakon o obveznim odnosima, Zakon o zakupu poslovnog prostora, Zakon o zaštiti potrošača i sl. Naravno, za potrebe rada kao neizostavan dio, radi lakšeg razumijevanja očitih razlika među pojedinim institutima i njihove kompleksnosti, istaknuta je i relevantna sudska praksa u kojoj je vidljiv stav sudova prilikom tumačenja spornih situacija koje nastaju upravo zbog kompleksnosti materija koja se veže uz pojam ugovora. Nadalje, u radu je skrenuta i pozornost pojedine institute kojima se ograničava načelo autonomije i dispozitivnosti, kao jedno od temeljnih načela ne samo obveznog prava, već općenito. Upravo se ta ograničenja ogledaju primjerice u sklapanju ugovora pristupanjem, odnosno adhezijskom sklapanju ugovora te obveznom sklapanju ugovora. Pored svega navedenog, posebno mjesto u radu zauzima i pojam predugovora odnosno preliminara čija je primjena sve učestalija u praksi. Naime, predugovor kao institut ugovornog prava uvelike pridonosi pravnoj sigurnosti ugovornih strana prilikom reguliranja svojih predugovornih, a zatim i ugovornih prava i obveza, odnosno njihovog odnosa općenito. Slijedom navedenog, upravo je glavna svrha ovog rada ukazati na najvažnije ugovore, njihove sličnosti i razlike, njihovu primjenu u praksi te potencijalne probleme koji se mogu javiti prilikom njihova sklapanja. Također, ukazano je i na svu kompleksnost i problematiku koju ugovori nose za sobom, te načini na koje se ista nastoji razriješiti primjenom odgovarajućih propisa. |
| Abstract (english) | Theme of this thesis primarily refers to the term conclusion of contract, its differences and specifics in relation to particular contract types, methods of its conclusion and the importance which is given to it in the legal order. This thesis is divided in numerous chapters which are mutually and systematically linked, with aim to allow easier understanding and simplification of contract’s particularities in Civil law and other areas of law. First off, history and development of contract in Roman law is accentuated in the introduction of this thesis, its importance and specific aspects that are in some segments vastly different from today’s understanding of the term contract and its conclusion. Furthermore, essential terms such as contract and conclusion of contract are emphasized, which simultaneously make up the core of this thesis, their importance, essential elements when it comes to conclusion of contract and their frequency in practice. Arguments referring to various types of contract are elaborated throughout the following chapters of this thesis, also regulations that are taken into consideration while putting in use and connection of various laws while regulating particular contracts such as Civil Obligations Act, Consumer Protection Act, Act on Lease and Sale of Business Premises. It is imperative for the purpose of understanding most blatant differences between certain law regulations and their complexity to highlight all the relevant judicial practice in which the stance of courts is conspicuous, while interpreting disputable situations which are created because of the complexity of matter linked to the term of contract. Furthermore, it will be shown how certain law regulations limit the principle of autonomy and disposition, which is fundamental for the legal system. Such limitations are reflected in conclusion of contract by accession, in other words by contract of adhesion and obligatory conclusion of contract. In addition to everything previously stated, the term of pre-contract, whose use is becoming more frequent in practice, will also be elaborated. Hence, pre-contract as a legal document of Law of contract greatly contributes to legal security of contracting parties whilst regulating their pre-contractual and contractual rights and responsibilities, thus their relationship in general. Hence, the main purpose of this thesis is to signify the most important contracts, their similarities and differences, their use in practice and potential problems which can come up whilst conclusion of contract is enforced. Also, the complexity of contracts will be shown, as well as means of resolving that complexity by applying certain rules and regulations. |
