When a certain area is taken over by a hostile army and sustainable control is established over it, the area is considered to be under belligerent occupation. Over time there emerged a need for legal regulation of such circumstances, led by the Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land from 18 October 1907, Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War from12 August 1949 and Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), from 8 June 1977. Although the above mentioned documents are to this day considered as fundamental to legal regulation of belligerent occupation, the increasing development of civil rights protection and attachment of greater importance to national self-determination emphasizes the need to redefine the existing regulations. The inadequacy of the traditional definition of belligerent occupation in contemporary circumstances is visible from the example of Israeli-Palestinian conflict, during which parts of Palestinian territory has been under Israeli occupation, persisting to present day. Prolonging such a situation questions the credibility of the international community, whereas the systematic construction of Israeli settlements on occupied Palestinian territory leads to a situation in which a two-state solution, the basis for Israeli-Palestinian peace process, will no longer be possible.