Road traffic is one of the branches of traffic that carries people or cargo from one place to another, and as such plays a significant role in everyday life of people. Without it, the normal functioning of society is almost unimaginable. Understanding the factors affecting traffic accidents is an important area in road safety research. This paper provides a review of factors, with particular emphasis on traffic and road factors. In order to make the roads as a safety factor the least cause of traffic accidents, great attention has to be paid to the design of new roads, their timely and proper maintenance during the exploitation and the reconstruction of the existing road network. This paper also provides an overview of road safety theories explaining how and why these factors affect traffic accidents. Furthermore, work provides the community with a better understanding of traffic accidents and helps develop appropriate methods and policies to improve road safety. About 1.35 million people die each year due to traffic accidents. Traffic accidents are primarily influenced by three major factors. These are human (usually drivers, but also pedestrians and cyclists), vehicle and infrastructure (road and environment). The Ministry within the scope of which is the road infrastructure system is the Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure. Within the Ministry of Administration and Professional Affairs, many administrative organizations have been established, among which the Road and Rail Traffic Management and the Transport Infrastructure Directorate dealing with road infrastructure issues, its construction, maintenance, safety and maintenance. In order to improve the safety of road traffic, the company should invest significant financial and technological resources in creating a better and safer transport infrastructure, while traffic participants should first and foremost develop awareness of the improvement of traffic culture.